Korcula
An island in the central Dalmatian archipelago; area 279.03 sq km (length 46.8 km,
width 5.3-7.8 km); population 17,038; the coast is rather indented. The highest peak
is Hum (510 m). The climate is mild; an average air temperature
in January is 9.8 °C (in the town of Korcula) and in July 26.9 °C; the average annual
rainfall is 1,100 mm; the annual insolation reaches 2,671 hours (Vela Luka).
The island is largely covered with the Mediterranean flora; at some places are
pine forests. Economy is based on farming, viticulture, fruit growing, fishing and fish
processing, shipbuilding, processing of synthetic materials and tourism. Summer tourism
has a long tradition on the island; nautical tourism has been recently developed. Major
places on the coast are Korcula, Vela Luka, Lumbarda,Racisce, and in the interior Blato,
Zrnovo, Smokvica, Cara and Pupnat. The regional road connects major places on the island.
Ferry lines connect the island of Korcula with the mainland.
The island was inhabited as early as the Neolithic (cave Vela Spilja near Vela Luka,
cave Jakasova Spilja above the cove of Rasohatica, Zrnovo) and the Bronze Age. A Greek
colony existed here in the 6th and the 5th centuries BC; at that time the island was
called Korkyra Melaina (remains of Greek habitations in Lumbarda, in the vicinity of
Blato and in Potirna). From 35 BC the island was part of the Roman Empire; traces of
Roman settlements have been discovered in the vicinity of Lumbarda, Vela Luka
(locality Beneficij), Blago and on Pelegrin. On the collapse of the Western Roman Empire,
the island became part of the Ostrogoth state (AD 493) and then came under the Byzantine
rule (AD 555). In the 9th century it was taken by the Nerentani/Narentini, and in AD 1000
by Venice. In 1180 the island came under the Hungarian-Croatian king (in 1214 the statute
of the town and the island were passed). From 1221, during two centuries, the island had
several rulers - rulers from Zahumlje, Venice (in 1298 the Genoese fleet defeated the
Venetian fleet near Korcula), King Lodovic I (1358), Bosnian rulers (1390) and the
Dubrovnik Republic (1413-1417). In the period 1420-1797 the island was under Venice but it
retained its autonomy. Due to frequent attacks of the Turkish fleet and pirate ships
(all until the beginning of the 18th c.) several important points on the island were
fortified (especially the town of Korcula). - After the fall of Venice there was another
period of various rulers (1797-1805 Austria, 1805-1813 France, 1813-1815 Great Britain,
1815-1918 Austria). Korcula was under the Italian occupation in the period 1918-1921,
and after that was annexed to Croatia. The centre of the island, the town of Korcula,
with its cultural and historical heritage, its town ramparts (similar to those of Dubrovnik)
ranks among the favourite tourist destinations in southern Croatia. -
As for the local economy, shipbuilding (town of Korcula, Vela Luka) and stone cutting
(extraction of white marble from a quarry on the eastern coast of the island) have been
important branches for centuries.
